The 2009 insurgence of boko haram and the fulani herdsmen versus farmers conflicts have led to a significant increase in violent conflict in the. Ethnocentrism and ethnopolitical conflicts in northern. Proceeding of an international academic conference of the international multidisciplinary research and academic society, obudu, cross river state. Abstract the persistent religious conflicts and insecurity in nigeria has given meaningful nigerians a cause. Horowitz decades after the recognition that ethnicity is a powerful force in the politics of many countries, with profound effects on prospects for democracy horowitz 1993. Aug 30, 2005 the national question in nigeria is probably one of the most complicated in the world with over 120 languages spoken, three main ethnic groups, none of which constitutes a majority of the population, and the religious divide between christians in the south and muslims in the north. These conflicts have had enormous consequences in the development of nigeria. Mar 10, 2014 modern nigeria emerged through the merging of two british colonial territories in 1914. From the 1950s, elections in nigeria approximated a war wage to determine who get what, when and how oyediran 1997. Nigeria has witnessed many conflicts revolving around political, economic, religious and ethnic motives and after independence in i960.
Article information, pdf download for enemy framing and the politics of. Briscoevan ginkelnexusbetweensecurityanddevelopmentmarch20. Abstract since the 1914 amalgamation of the northern and southern regions of nigeria by the british colonial government, nigerians have continued to debate the issues of peaceful coexistence among the various ethnic groups on the one hand, and between. The first half of the paper explores the overall socioeconomic, sociocultural, political and environmental factors that shape conflict, instability and resilience in nigeria. It can also be said to be an incompatibility, as of two things that cannot be simultaneously fulfilled. Causes and effects of conflict on nigerias development. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Nigeria is one of the major democracies in african continent. Local knows best 1617 organisations said that they felt local. It occurred mainly because british colonizers desired a. Nigeria also has probably the most elaborate system of government in the region. Nigeria, natural resources, oil, political economy, violence, context sensitivity. A symposium on religious conflict in nigeria may 8, 2007 nigeria is the largest country in the world with an evenly split population of christians. Nigeria was forcefully done without the peoples consent.
You can trace causes of ethnic conflict to amalgamation, religious differences, inequality, lack of transparent governance, long military incursion in government and lack of vision or nigerian dream, to mention but a few. Despite the governments announcement in 2016, that the group had been. Visit our website for other free publication downloads. Nigeria is an oil rich country, but nearly twothirds of the population lives in poverty and makes less. Click download or read online button to ethnic politics in nigeria book pdf for free now. The parties to such conflict may not necessary be the government or nation. Closely examining the relationship between religion, ethnicity and conflict in. Nigeria is said to be a british creation by uniting the various nationalities into a single country today known as the federal republic of nigeria. Department of educational foundations and management, faculty of education.
Conflict exposure and economic welfare in nigeria econstor. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe will benefit by. Department of educational foundations and management, faculty of education, ekiti state university, adoekiti, nigeria email. D school of arts and social sciences,national open university of nigeria,lagos. Religious identity and conflict 3 countdown to the 2015 elections 9 conclusions 14 john paden religion and conflict in nigeria countdown to the 2015 elections special reportunited states institute of summary nigeria is by far the largest country in the worldwith a population of just over 180 mil. Conflict and violence in nigeria national bureau of statistics. The nature and scope of nigerias identity diversity. Ifranigeria epapers series, 2015, n49 4 introduction. Religious beliefs and values are an important feature of the daily lives. However, there is an indirect relationship between, say, interparty competition and ethnicity. Resolving it will require a deep understanding of conflict dynamics, as well as the motivations and capabilities of various key actors. An average nigerian often sees his own tribe as being superior to others.
A history of identities, violence, and stability in nigeria. But incidence of ethnic violence was different in varying country. Nigerias two major religions, islam and christianity, are sometimes depicted as monolithic entities that confront each other in pitched battles. In fact, no decade of postindependent nigeria has been conflict free. While acknowledging the genius of nigerian federalism in trying to subdue ethnic and regional conflict, suberu expertly analyzes the troubling flaws in a system that breeds corruption, prioritizes distribution over development, and encourages the countrys further political fragmentation. The oil curse and solutions for an oilfree future, available online. Nongovernmental organizations, conflict, management, plateau state, nigeria. The nigeria civil war or the nigeria biafra war, which occurred.
Dec 20, 2010 violence in northern nigeria has flared up periodically over the last 30 years. Grievance, greed, and conflict dynamics in nigeria. The area considered is the twelve states that expanded the scope of shar ia between 1999 and 2002. There are different identities and segments in this society. For that reason, i am pleased to present this mono graph, which seeks to reveal nigeria to outsiders. For instance, communal clashes, electoral violence and so on have all been rooted in ethnicity. Ethnoreligious conflicts, attributed to actors primarily divided by cultural, ethnic, or religious communities and identities, such as instances of religious violence between christian and muslim communities herderfarmer conflicts, typically involving disputes over land andor cattle between. Congoplateaugeneralplateau%20state%20of%20the%20art. Mang chaimang and ms adaeze uju oguike for the complementary roles they played in editing the draft. Nigeria suffers a variety of complex political problems including inequality, corruption, oil disputes, national disunity, and the boko haram insurgency this seven year conflict and humanitarian crisis in the north has killed 20,000 and displaced 2.
This report focuses on conflict in north east, north central, and south south nigeria. Historical background to electoral violence in nigeria in the words of alanamu 2005, the history of violence in nigeria politics dates back to colonial era. Conflict, instability and resilience in nigeria gsdrc. This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within nigeria societies, the cause of the conflicts and perhaps, the government actions towards ethnic conflict in the country. Ethnoreligious conflicts, attributed to actors primarily divided by cultural, ethnic, or religious communities and identities, such as instances of religious violence between christian and muslim communities. Enemy framing and the politics of reporting religious conflicts in the. However, the realization of the potential roles of the academic libraries in offering services for conflict resolution has prompted some universities to introduce the course peace and conflict resolution as general studies course as it is the university of jos where peace and conflict resolution studies is taught as one of the general. Sample of information to be collected for local development plans i natural resource conflict in northcentral nigeria. Project managers view olalekan ogunbayo department of building technology, lagos state polytechnic, ikorodu, lagos state. Nigeria has been pushed hither and thither by recurrent crises of regional or state. At a global scale, the conflict presents itself in a way where there is a large economic impact. How has land been connected with some of the historical conflicts across nigeria.
Conflict resolution in a changing world international conflict. Nigeria suffers a variety of complex political problems including inequality, corruption, oil disputes, national disunity, and the boko haram insurgency. Each of these three geopolitical zones has a unique history and context of. According to him, some analysts who relied on linguistic factor identified 394 ethnic groups in nigeria, while others put the figure at between 550 and 619.
This paper analyses the structural challenges, root causes and dynamics of conflict, instability and resilience in nigeria. The negotiation issues in nigerias postindependence conflicts. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. Two hypotheses were formulated to determine the source of conflict and conflict resolution in the nigeria public service. Conflict can be defined as a clash or disagreement often violent between opposing groups or individuals. Click download or read online button to get ethnic conflict in world politics book now. College usawc press publications may be downloaded free. Data and documents show that ethnic differences and discrimination were the main cause of ethnic violence. Constitution of the federal republic of nigeria wipo. Although there have been some successes in conflict management in the last decade. However, what appears to be an ethnic conflict in nigeria is an actual fact of a struggle between the ruling class for the nations wealth.
Ethnic groups and conflicts ethnic group means different things to different people. Popular representations of language conflicts in belgium, quebec, and catalonia suggest that cultural. Ethnic conflicts are very common and they bring about damage to lives and properties. Section 4 draws our attention to the most salient identity cleavages in conflicts in the postcolonial era. All weapons were available for those combatants to use which. Modern nigeria emerged through the merging of two british colonial territories in 1914. The final section 5 looks at state management of conflicts and its effects under the federal system in nigeria. The amalgamation was an act of colonial convenience. This seven year conflict and humanitarian crisis in the north has killed 20,000 and displaced 2. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Ethnic politics in nigeria download ethnic politics in nigeria ebook. The role of the media in reporting conflicts of training for journalists have been some of the key issues of concern. Some writers argued that, a conflict situation emerges when two or more parties could not agree on an issue.
Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the conflict and development, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. Mar 10, 2010 in nigeria the christianmuslim thing is the tip of the iceberg, he says. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Keywords conflict reporting, enemy images, media, nigerian. The strategic studies institute ssi is part of the u. In october 1963, nigeria altered its relationship with the united kingdom by proclaiming itself a federal republic and promulgating a new constitution. Pdf grievance, greed, and conflict dynamics in nigeria.
Good governance, conflicts, ethnoreligious identities, clashes of civilization and nigeria. Mainly in the form of urban riots, it has pitted muslims against christians and has seen confrontations between different islamic sects. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. The roots of nigerias religious and ethnic conflict the. Structure and strategy in ethnic conflict donald l. Conflict as an element of social interaction has been defined in various dimensions. When one groups army enters a city in enemy territory, its soldiers can be pretty condent that the overwhelming. The idea that the plateau was previously free of conflict the selfstyled home of. Download pdf ethnicity and development in nigeria free.
Such institutions, including a free and pluralistic press, a set of ngos. With several coups, general strikes and a civil war, nigerians have had to experience some of the most sordid tragedies arising from difference of opinions and distrust. Ethnic conflict and sustainable development in nigeria. Geography nigeria is the most populous country in africa and accounts for over half of west africas population.
Conflict management in nigerian construction industry. Imperialism and ethnic politics in nigeria 1960 1996. Nigeria is a state where islam, christianity and traditional african religions are freely practised. Get ebooks ethnic militias and the threat to democracy in post transition nigeria on pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi and audiobook for free. Introduction this report looks at violent conflict in the far north of nigeria.
The article also assumes that, it is significant to note the influence of politicization of ethnicity, selective injustice and elite manipulation in conflict analysis in nigeria. Conflicts and causes of conflicts in africa project. Causes and solution nigerians are very sensitive when it comes to their ethnic groups. With diverse language and cultural groups and a dispersed geography, the regions media have struggled to develop effective communication channels to serve the region. Always update books hourly, if not looking, search in the book search column. This was a major seed of conflict that is still troubling nigeria today. Our model applies equally well to groups that form based on the geographical base of their membership. Ethnic conflicts in nigeria only the working class can. Colonial masters play a vital role in the growth of ethno religious conflicts, these colonial masters brought the christianity with them and try to penetrate the western values in the system of nigeria. And evidence from southwestern nigeria shows that religious differences can be depoliticized by state authority.
The patrimonial state and interethnic conflicts in nigeria. You have a recipe ripe for conflict, and it just so happens to be christianmuslim. Theoretical perspective 79 languages, customs and traditions gives the country a rich cultural diversity. Causes of ethnic conflict in nigeria are many but we will focus on primary ones that government should deal with to stop the menace at once. The postindependence nigeria has been bedeviled by disputes and conflicts ranging from nationalseparatist conflicts, religious rivalries, ethnic tribal, political, and environmental disputes among others. Download ethnoreligious conflict in nigeria by basil ugorji to read the full paper in pdf. Methods of conflict resolution in african traditional society. Over the past few years thousands of people have been killed in ethnic clashes.
This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within nigeria societies, the cause of the conflicts and perhaps, the government actions towards ethnic conflict. All giga working papers are available online and free of charge on the. On the tenacity of ethnic conflict in postindependence nigeria 4. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever. It is driven by a mix of historical, political, economic, and ethnic antagonisms. A historical analysis of ethnic conflict in nigeria publish. Whats underneath the water is a much more complex sociopolitical situation, which cannot be explained just in terms of the religious divide. There are more than 1 million books that have been enjoyed by people from all over the world. Communal conflicts in nigeria can be divided into two broad categories. A historical analysis of ethnic conflict in nigeria osadola oluwaseun samuel research paper postgraduate african studies culture and applied geography publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay.
The case of plateau state of nigeria abubakar sokoto mohammed 1. To date, few such comprehensive analyses of the boko haram conflict have been. Implications for national security ushe mike ushe, ph. Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem. Click download or read online button to ethnicity and development in nigeria book pdf for free now. Read chapter conflict resolution in a changing world. Download pdf ethnic politics in nigeria free online. The national question in nigeria is probably one of the most complicated in the world with over 120 languages spoken, three main ethnic groups, none of which constitutes a majority of the population, and the religious divide between christians in the south and muslims in the north. Nigeria is the largest oilproducer in subsaharan africa, with about 32.
Nigerias far north is not the hot bed of islamic extremists some in the west fear, but it needs reinforced communitylevel peacebuilding, a more subtle security response, and improved management of public resources lest lingering tensions lead to new violence. Despite the governments announcement in 2016, that the group had been crushed, attacks have continued throughout 2017. Igbohausa feud that began after the military coup and countercoup of 1966, culminating in the civil war in 1967, efikibibio conflict, tivjukun debacle, fulanibirom clashes, and itsekiriurhoboijaw conflict in the niger delta. Nigeria has not been without its fair share of conflict. The key causes and solution to ethnic conflict in nigeria. Yet the country teeters perilously close to massive civil upheaval. Non governmental organisations and conflict management in. Just as we have many authors, so we have several definitions of the concept. Conflicts of various kinds in nigeria have often been attributed to ethnicity. Ethnic conflict in world politics download ebook pdf.
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